By Lord Fiifi Quayle 

The promise of quality Free Senior High School (SHS) system has emerged as a cornerstone of President John Dramani Mahama’s campaign. With a commitment to review and enhance the existing Free SHS program, Mahama’s administration faces the dual challenge of addressing current shortcomings while ensuring that the foundational principles of accessibility and equity in education are upheld.

The Promise of Free SHS: A Brief Overview

Introduced in 2017, the Free SHS policy was a groundbreaking initiative aimed at removing financial barriers to secondary education for Ghanaian students. The initiative allows students to attend public SHS without paying tuition fees, significantly increasing enrollment rates. By 2021, enrollment had surged, with over 1.2 million students benefitting from the program. However, while the numbers are promising, the quality of education and the sustainability of the program remain contentious issues.

Challenges Facing the Free SHS Program

1. Quality of Education: One of the most pressing challenges is the disparity in the quality of education across different regions and schools. For instance, students at Nkoranza Senior High School in the Bono East Region and Adu Gyamfi Senior High School in the Ashanti Region have expressed concerns about the academic environment. Reports indicate that students sometimes feel disengaged, with many opting to stay in dormitories rather than attend classes. Some students attend school only twice a term yet are still promoted to the next class. This lack of accountability and motivation has resulted in a situation where students leave school with minimal knowledge and skills, often relying on provided answers during final exams to achieve passing marks.

2. Infrastructure Deficiencies: The rapid increase in student enrollment has put immense pressure on existing school infrastructure. Overcrowded classrooms, inadequate sanitation facilities, and insufficient dormitory spaces are common issues. These conditions not only hinder effective learning but also pose serious health risks.

3. Funding and Sustainability: The financial sustainability of the Free SHS program is a growing concern. While the government has made strides in funding the initiative, the rising costs associated with increased enrollment and operational expenses necessitate a comprehensive funding strategy. Without adequate financial planning, the program risks becoming a burden on the national budget.

4. Curriculum Relevance: There are ongoing discussions regarding the relevance of the current curriculum to the job market and the needs of the economy. The focus on traditional subjects may not adequately prepare students for the demands of a rapidly changing workforce.

Suggestions for a Revitalized Free SHS Program

As President Mahama embarks on his mission to review the Free SHS policy, several strategic recommendations can be considered to enhance its effectiveness:

1. Strengthening Infrastructure: A targeted investment in school infrastructure is essential. The government should prioritize the construction of new classrooms, laboratories, and dormitories, particularly in underserved areas. Collaborating with private sector partners and international donors can also provide additional resources.

2. Enhancing Teacher Training and Recruitment: To improve the quality of education, there must be a concerted effort to recruit and retain qualified teachers, particularly in rural areas. Implementing continuous professional development programs will ensure that educators are well-equipped to deliver high-quality instruction.

3. Curriculum Review and Innovation: A comprehensive review of the SHS curriculum is necessary to align it with the skills and competencies required in today’s job market. Incorporating technical and vocational education and training (TVET) options can provide students with practical skills that enhance their employability.

4. Community Engagement and Support: Engaging local communities in the educational process is crucial for fostering a culture of accountability and motivation among students. The government should actively promote the establishment of Parents-Teachers Associations (PTAs) in schools, creating a platform for parents, teachers, and community members to collaborate on solutions to motivate students. These associations can devise strategies to encourage academic diligence and implement punitive measures for students who neglect their studies. Such initiatives can help instill a sense of responsibility and commitment to education, ultimately enhancing student performance.

5. Sustainable Funding Models: To ensure the long-term viability of the Free SHS program, exploring diverse funding sources is crucial. This could include public-private partnerships, grants, and innovative financing mechanisms that can alleviate the financial burden on the government.

Conclusion: A Vision for the Future

As President Mahama prepares to implement his vision for a quality Free SHS system, the path forward will require collaboration, innovation, and a steadfast commitment to educational equity. By addressing the existing challenges and embracing a holistic approach to reform, Ghana can transform its Free SHS program into a beacon of quality education that empowers the next generation and drives national development. The stakes are high, but with determined leadership and a clear strategy, Ghana can realize the full potential of its educational initiatives.

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